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Lung: Tracheobronchial amyloidosis

Evolution of the amount of microbial cells (a), the extracellular lipase activity (b), and the LIP2 expression (c) in function of the reactor configuration

Specific rate for the extracellular lipase production by Y. lipolytica cultivated in a classical 20-L bioreactor (reference reactor) and in a P-SDR under different recirculation flow rates (corresponding each to a mean residence time in the non-mixed part of the reactor)

Specific rate for the extracellular lipase production by Y. lipolytica cultivated in a classical 20-L bioreactor (reference reactor) and in a P-SDR under different recirculation flow rates (corresponding each to a mean residence time in the non-mixed part of the reactor)

On/off cycle scheme for C-SDR (a stochastic scheme and b constant cycles scheme)

Evolution of the amount of microbial cells (a), the extracellular lipase activity (b), and the LIP2 expression (c) in function of the reactor configuration

Specific rate for the extracellular lipase production by Y. lipolytica cultivated in different reactor configuration (see Fig. for more details about these configurations)

Evolution of the amount of microbial cells (a), the extracellular lipase activity (b), and the LIP2 expression (c) in function of the reactor configuration

Specific rate for the extracellular lipase production by Y. lipolytica cultivated in different reactor configuration (see Fig. for more details about these configurations)

Comparison of a culture conducted in a P-SDR with classical pH regulation (a) where the normal yeast cell shape is observed and in a P-SDR conducted with the pH regulation performed at the level of non-mixed part (b) where filamentation is observed

Comparison of a culture conducted in a P-SDR with classical pH regulation (a) where the normal yeast cell shape is observed and in a P-SDR conducted with the pH regulation performed at the level of non-mixed part (b) where filamentation is observed

Survival free of myocardial infarction

Demographics

Coronary angiography/intervention

Stenting/results after stenting

In-hospital outcome

Follow-up

Amino acid sequence alignment of representative members of the mammalian and the plant metallothionein (MT) families. The plant MTs are additionally divided into four subfamilies comprising the MT1, MT2, MT3, and Ec proteins. Cys residues are highlighted with a black background, aromatic amino acids with a grey background. His residues are accentuated with a black frame. Sequences denoted with an asterisk represent exceptions to the otherwise highly conserved Cys distribution pattern within a plant MT subfamily. In Arabidopsis thaliana MT1A, the linker region is additionally reduced to just seven amino acids

Amino acid sequence alignment of representative members of the mammalian and the plant metallothionein (MT) families. The plant MTs are additionally divided into four subfamilies comprising the MT1, MT2, MT3, and Ec proteins. Cys residues are highlighted with a black background, aromatic amino acids with a grey background. His residues are accentuated with a black frame. Sequences denoted with an asterisk represent exceptions to the otherwise highly conserved Cys distribution pattern within a plant MT subfamily. In Arabidopsis thaliana MT1A, the linker region is additionally reduced to just seven amino acids

The two metal–thiolate cluster structures formed with divalent metal ions in, e.g., the vertebrate MTs: a M 4 II Cys11 cluster of the α-domain and b M 3 II Cys9 cluster of the β-domain. Only the coordinating sulfur atoms of the Cys residues are shown

The two metal–thiolate cluster structures formed with divalent metal ions in, e.g., the vertebrate MTs: a M 4 II Cys11 cluster of the α-domain and b M 3 II Cys9 cluster of the β-domain. Only the coordinating sulfur atoms of the Cys residues are shown

Probable β-sheet arrangements within the linker regions of plant MTs. a The entire linker sequence forms a single long antiparallel β-sheet structure (cyan) and hence a rather rigid scaffold to bring the Cys-rich regions (long, grey terminal tubes) into proximity for joint cluster formation (metal ions are depicted as blue spheres). The amino acids of the linker region form a more flexible structure with four shorter β-sheets, which allow a single cluster arrangement (b) or a dumbbell-shaped arrangement with two clusters (c)

Probable β-sheet arrangements within the linker regions of plant MTs. a The entire linker sequence forms a single long antiparallel β-sheet structure (cyan) and hence a rather rigid scaffold to bring the Cys-rich regions (long, grey terminal tubes) into proximity for joint cluster formation (metal ions are depicted as blue spheres). The amino acids of the linker region form a more flexible structure with four shorter β-sheets, which allow a single cluster arrangement (b) or a dumbbell-shaped arrangement with two clusters (c)

a The dumbbell-shaped arrangement similar to the arrangement in Fig. a can be transformed in a jackknife-like movement into a single domain cluster form upon binding of an additional metal ion (red sphere). b This transformation can be reversed upon removal of the additional metal ion. The grey arrows show the direction of movement of the Cys-rich regions and the red arrow shows the release of the additional metal ion

a The dumbbell-shaped arrangement similar to the arrangement in Fig. a can be transformed in a jackknife-like movement into a single domain cluster form upon binding of an additional metal ion (red sphere). b This transformation can be reversed upon removal of the additional metal ion. The grey arrows show the direction of movement of the Cys-rich regions and the red arrow shows the release of the additional metal ion

Amino acid sequence alignment of representative members of the plant Ec subfamily with Cys and His residues highlighted as in Fig. . The residues comprising the N-terminal γ-domain and the C-terminal βE-domain are indicated with an orange ellipsoid and a green ellipsoid, respectively. Below this, the NMR solution structures of the two domains of wheat Ec-1 are shown; no information about the relative orientation of these two domains to each other is available. ZnII ions are depicted as blue spheres and parts of the coordinating Cys and His side chains are shown in stick mode

Amino acid sequence alignment of representative members of the plant Ec subfamily with Cys and His residues highlighted as in Fig. . The residues comprising the N-terminal γ-domain and the C-terminal βE-domain are indicated with an orange ellipsoid and a green ellipsoid, respectively. Below this, the NMR solution structures of the two domains of wheat Ec-1 are shown; no information about the relative orientation of these two domains to each other is available. ZnII ions are depicted as blue spheres and parts of the coordinating Cys and His side chains are shown in stick mode

β-sheet and α-helix contents of selected plant MTs as predicted for the linker regions or determined with IR, Raman, or NMR spectroscopy for the entire proteins

NA60 data in 158 AGeV In+In collisions. Left panel: invariant mass spectra of unlike sign dimuons (upper histogram), combinatorial background (dashed line), fake signal (dashed-dotted line) and the resulting signal (lower histogram) [20]. Right panel: excess dimuons after subtracting the hadronic cocktail, excluding the ρ, compared to cocktail ρ (thin solid line), π + π − annihilation with an unmodified ρ (dash-dotted line), dropping ρ mass (dashed line) and in-medium ρ broadening (thick solid line) [80].

NA60 data in 158 AGeV In+In collisions. Left panel: invariant mass spectra of unlike sign dimuons (upper histogram), combinatorial background (dashed line), fake signal (dashed-dotted line) and the resulting signal (lower histogram) [20]. Right panel: excess dimuons after subtracting the hadronic cocktail, excluding the ρ, compared to cocktail ρ (thin solid line), π + π − annihilation with an unmodified ρ (dash-dotted line), dropping ρ mass (dashed line) and in-medium ρ broadening (thick solid line) [80].

The NA60 dimuon excess in semi-central In+In collisions at 158 AGeV, integrated over all p T compared to calculations of [83]. The curves represent partial contributions and their sum as indicated in the figure.

The NA60 dimuon excess in semi-central In+In collisions at 158 AGeV, integrated over all p T compared to calculations of [83]. The curves represent partial contributions and their sum as indicated in the figure.

Absolutely normalized excess dimuon mass spectrum corrected for acceptance and reconstruction efficiency, measured by NA60 in In+In collisions at 158 AGeV and compared to theoretical calculations of Renk/Ruppert [83], Hees/Rapp [81, 82] and Dusling/Zahed [84]. Both the data and the calculations are subject to a p T cut of 200 MeV/c on the single muon tracks [6, 85].

Absolutely normalized excess dimuon mass spectrum corrected for acceptance and reconstruction efficiency, measured by NA60 in In+In collisions at 158 AGeV and compared to theoretical calculations of Renk/Ruppert [83], Hees/Rapp [81, 82] and Dusling/Zahed [84]. Both the data and the calculations are subject to a p T cut of 200 MeV/c on the single muon tracks [6, 85].

Invariant mass e + e − spectrum measured by PHENIX in $$\sqrt{{s}_{{}_{NN }}}$$ = 200 GeV minimum bias Au+Au collisions at mid-rapidity. The data are compared to the cocktail of expected yields from light mesons and semi-leptonic open charm decays. Statistical (bars) and systematic (boxes) errors are plotted separately. The bottom panel shows the data to cocktail ratio with the band around 1 representing the systematic uncertainty in the cocktail [49].

Invariant mass e + e − spectrum measured by PHENIX in $$\sqrt{{s}_{{}_{NN }}}$$ = 200 GeV minimum bias Au+Au collisions at mid-rapidity. The data are compared to the cocktail of expected yields from light mesons and semi-leptonic open charm decays. Statistical (bars) and systematic (boxes) errors are plotted separately. The bottom panel shows the data to cocktail ratio with the band around 1 representing the systematic uncertainty in the cocktail [49].

Invariant m T spectrum of the e + e − pair excess (after subtracting the cocktail and the charm contribution) measured in the mass range 0.3 < m ee < 0. 75 GeV/c 2 by PHENIX in $$\sqrt{{s}_{{}_{NN }}}$$ = 200 GeV minimum bias Au+Au collisions at mid-rapidity. The solid line represents the fit to the sum of two exponential functions shown separately by the dashed and dotted lines. Statistical (bars) and systematic (boxes) errors are plotted separately [49].

Invariant m T spectrum of the e + e − pair excess (after subtracting the cocktail and the charm contribution) measured in the mass range 0.3 < m ee < 0. 75 GeV/c 2 by PHENIX in $$\sqrt{{s}_{{}_{NN }}}$$ = 200 GeV minimum bias Au+Au collisions at mid-rapidity. The solid line represents the fit to the sum of two exponential functions shown separately by the dashed and dotted lines. Statistical (bars) and systematic (boxes) errors are plotted separately [49].

Logarithmic plot of mass M of a body vs. the aggregated mass m in its orbital zone. Both masses are expressed in Earth masses. The dashed line correspond to μ = 100. Based on data of Soter (2006)

The regions of the solar system

Condensation sequence of substances in the solar system

Image of Ceres obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope. The spatial resolution of the image is about 18 km per pixel, enhancing the contrast in these images to bring out features on Ceres’ surface, which are both brighter and darker than the average which absorbs 91% of sunlight falling on it. Courtesy: NASA, ESA, J. Parker (Southwest Research Institute), P. Thomas (Cornell University) and L. McFadden (University of Maryland, College Park)

Image of Ceres obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope. The spatial resolution of the image is about 18 km per pixel, enhancing the contrast in these images to bring out features on Ceres’ surface, which are both brighter and darker than the average which absorbs 91% of sunlight falling on it. Courtesy: NASA, ESA, J. Parker (Southwest Research Institute), P. Thomas (Cornell University) and L. McFadden (University of Maryland, College Park)

Two fundamental planes of planet Earth’s sky compete for attention in this remarkable wide-angle vista, recorded on 23rd January. Arcing above the horizon and into the night at the left is a beautiful band of Zodiacal Light – sunlight scattered by dust in the solar system’s ecliptic plane. Its opponent on the right is composed of the faint stars, dust clouds and nebulae along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy. Both celestial bands stand above the domes and towers of the Teide Observatory on the island of Tenerife. Courtesy: Daniel López (IAC)

Two fundamental planes of planet Earth’s sky compete for attention in this remarkable wide-angle vista, recorded on 23rd January. Arcing above the horizon and into the night at the left is a beautiful band of Zodiacal Light – sunlight scattered by dust in the solar system’s ecliptic plane. Its opponent on the right is composed of the faint stars, dust clouds and nebulae along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy. Both celestial bands stand above the domes and towers of the Teide Observatory on the island of Tenerife. Courtesy: Daniel López (IAC)

Largest known Kuiper belt objects. At the bottom the Earth curvature is shown for comparison

These four panels show the location of ‘Sedna’, which lies in the farthest reaches of our solar system. Each panel, moving counterclockwise from the upper left, successively zooms out to place Sedna in context. The first panel shows the orbits of the inner planets, including Earth, and the asteroid belt that lies between Mars and Jupiter. In the second panel, Sedna is shown well outside the orbits of the outer planets and the more distant Kuiper Belt objects. Sedna’s full orbit is illustrated in the third panel along with the object’s current location. Sedna is nearing its closest approach to the Sun; its 10,000 year orbit typically takes it to far greater distances. The final panel zooms out much farther, showing that even this large elliptical orbit falls inside what was previously thought to be the inner edge of the Oort Cloud. Credit: Planetary Photojournal, NASA/CALTECH

These four panels show the location of ‘Sedna’, which lies in the farthest reaches of our solar system. Each panel, moving counterclockwise from the upper left, successively zooms out to place Sedna in context. The first panel shows the orbits of the inner planets, including Earth, and the asteroid belt that lies between Mars and Jupiter. In the second panel, Sedna is shown well outside the orbits of the outer planets and the more distant Kuiper Belt objects. Sedna’s full orbit is illustrated in the third panel along with the object’s current location. Sedna is nearing its closest approach to the Sun; its 10,000 year orbit typically takes it to far greater distances. The final panel zooms out much farther, showing that even this large elliptical orbit falls inside what was previously thought to be the inner edge of the Oort Cloud. Credit: Planetary Photojournal, NASA/CALTECH

Surface temperatures vs. escape velocities. Lines are drawn for different gases and represent six times the average thermal speed

The XRD pattern of CdS nanoparticles. In the inset is the XRD of CdS nanowires

The SEM images of a nanoparticles and b nanowires

The variations in the a real and b imaginary parts of dielectric constant of CdS nanowires and nanoparticles with frequency

Frequency dependance of the real part of electric modulus (M′) of a CdS nanoparticles and b CdS nanowires

Frequency dependance of the imaginary part of electric modulus (M″) of a CdS nanoparticles and b CdS nanowires

The conductivity relaxation time plotted against T −1 for CdS nanowires and nanoparticles (inset)

The impedance spectra of a nanoparticles and b nanowires at different temperatures

The equivalent circuit model used in this study

The grain boundary resistance is plotted against T −1 for CdS nanowies and nanoparticles (inset)

Normalized imaginary parts of electric modulus and complex impedance as a function of frequency for a CdS nanoparicles and b nanowires

Comparison of mean physiological and growth parameters of H. ammodendron throughout the growing season under three precipitation treatments (none, natural, and double) at two contrasting textured soils

Comparison of mean physiological and growth parameters of H. ammodendron throughout the growing season under three precipitation treatments (none, natural, and double) at two contrasting textured soils

17.9.6 Radical cations of aromatic amines