Results of (a) a three-factor analysis of variance with randomization tests (9,999 permutations) for the effect of year (2003 versus 2004), habitat type (open field versus forest edge versus forest interior) and exclusion treatment (access to all mammal groups versus exclusive access of small rodents) on the proportion of Araucaria angustifolia seeds removed after 15 days in an area of Araucaria forest in southern Brazil and (b) pairwise comparisons of terms in significant year × habitat type interaction. Mean values and standard errors for each factor level are in Fig. 1. See text for details
The permutational ANOVA showed that seed removal differed significantly between years and among habitat types (Table 1 a).
Removal rates were higher in 2004 than in 2003 and also were significantly lower in the open field, when compared with both forested types (edge or interior) in both years (Fig. 1 , Table 1 b).
Post hoc pairwise comparisons showed that open field was the only habitat type with significant between-year differences (Table 1 b).
The analysis of variance also indicated a significant interaction between ‘year’ and ‘habitat’ on the rates of seed-removal (Fig. 1 , Table 1 a).
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