Forest size and site affected the number of seeds removed (Fig. 1a, b).

In contrast, the percentage of seeds hoarded (and likely dispersed) and predated by a rodent differed significantly by forest size (Fig. 1c) and month (Fig. 1d); only 16 ± 7% of the seeds found in 1-ha fragments were hoarded, whereas 76 ± 10% were predated by a rodent.

In the continuous forest, 50 ± 8% of seeds found were hoarded, whereas 49 ± 8% were predated by a rodent (n _1-ha = 12 stations; n _10-ha = 27 stations; n _continuous = 27 stations; Fig. 1c).

More seeds were hoarded in April (69 ± 8%; n = 22 stations) than in June (48 ± 7%; n = 22 stations) and more in the latter than in September (31 ± 8%; n = 22 stations), and the opposite was true for seeds predated by rodents (24 ± 8% in April, 51 ± 7% in June, and 67 ± 8% in September; Fig. 1d).