SpringerImages - Cranium of the Early Eocene North America anaptomorphine Tetonius in side view (left) and the Late Eocene European microchoerine Necrolemur in front view (right). These two taxa were historically important in demonstrating that uniquely tarsiiform features were present in Eocene omomyid primates. The presence of tarsiiform omomyids in the earliest Eocene is consistent with molecular data suggesting the divergence of the three major extant lineages—tarsiiforms, strepsirhines, and anthropoids

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Fig 5

Cranium of the Early Eocene North America anaptomorphine Tetonius in side view (left) and the Late Eocene European microchoerine Necrolemur in front view (right). These two taxa were historically important in demonstrating that uniquely tarsiiform features were present in Eocene omomyid primates. The presence of tarsiiform omomyids in the earliest Eocene is consistent with molecular data suggesting the divergence of the three major extant lineages—tarsiiforms, strepsirhines, and anthropoids—occurred more than 55 Ma

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The cranium of Tentonius was found in the nineteenth century and has been important in shaping historical views of primate phylogeny (Figure 3.5 ).

The Late Eocene of Europe is characterized by three microchoerine genera: the small Pseudoloris, which resembles tarsiers in dental structure; the large Microchoerus, which has more cuspate teeth suggesting frugivory; and the medium-sized Necrolemur, the one taxon known from crania and some limb elements, which looks convincingly tarsier-like in several anatomical systems (Section 3.5; Figure 3.5 ).

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